Inventor(s): Douglas Joseph King (Peterborough, GB), Howard Charles Duncan Mattson (Cambridge, GB), Michael John Gibbens (Cambridge, GB) Assignee(s): Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc. (Plano, TX) Law Firm: No Counsel Application No., Date, Speed: 13601132 on 08/31/2012 (2321 days app to issue)
U.S. grid battery fires may be few in absolute terms, but the rate of incidence is nontrivial in relative terms, especially when the industry plans to expand massively in the coming years.
We know the capacitance of the area of the metal since we are talking about 50Ω impedance in general. Per the equations above a 6mil trace would have an additional capacitance of 9.6fF (femtofarad), or 0.0000000096 μF, this is really small. The other thing that minimizes the effect of the corner is just how fast it goes by at the velocities we are talking about, which are sizable fractions of the speed of light. Given that a signal travels 6 inches in 1ns on a standard FR4 PCB, the signal will get through the corner in 30ps. (Which is why I have to use equipment with a 17.5ps rise time to examine it)
The “connector launch” impedance mismatch there is probably because the ground layers aren’t cleared around the center conductor on the inner layers: the pad adds way too much capacitance. Generally if you just clear the inner layers a little bigger than the pad and have a solid plane on the bottom layer, that tends to work pretty well. If you want to be insane, Intel/Altera’s got a detailed document on the half-through hole/half-SMD connector layouts and how much clearing you generally need.
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Inventor(s): Geoffrey Dagley (McKinney, TX), Jason Hoover (Grapevine, TX), Micah Price (Plano, TX), Qiaochu Tang (The Colony, TX), Stephen Wylie (Carrollton, TX) Assignee(s): Capital One Services, LLC (McLean, VA) Law Firm: DLA Piper LLP US (14 non-local offices) Application No., Date, Speed: 16029160 on 07/06/2018 (186 days app to issue)
Inventor(s): Neal Gregory Skinner (Lewisville, TX) Assignee(s): Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. (Houston, TX) Law Firm: Gilliam IP PLLC (1 non-local offices) Application No., Date, Speed: 15791252 on 10/23/2017 (442 days app to issue)
1. Executive Summary2. Introduction2.1 Transformer Oil: An Overview2.1.1 Uses of Transformer Oil2.1.2 Properties of Transformer Oil2.1.3 Different Types of Transformer Oil Tests2.2 Transformer Oil Segmentation: An Overview2.2.1 Transformer Oil Segmentation by Type2.2.2 Transformer Oil Segmentation by Application3. Global Market Analysis3.1 Global Transformer Oil Market: An Analysis3.1.1 Global Transformer Oil Market by Value3.1.2 Global Transformer Oil Market by Volume3.1.3 Global Transformer Oil Market by Type (Mineral-based, Silicone-based and Bio-based)3.1.4 Global Transformer Oil Market by Application (Small Transformers, Large Transformers, Utilities and Others)3.1.5 Global Transformer Oil Market by Region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe and Others)3.2 Global Transformer Oil Market: Type Analysis3.2.1 Global Mineral-based Transformer Oil Market by Value3.2.2 Global Naphthenic and Paraffinic Mineral-based Transformer Oil Market by Value 3.2.3 Global Silicone-based Transformer Oil Market by Value3.2.4 Global Bio-based Transformer Oil Market by Value3.3 Global Transformer Oil Market: Application Analysis3.3.1 Global Small Transformer Oil Market by Value3.3.2 Global Large Transformer Oil Market by Value3.3.3 Global Utilities Transformer Oil Market by Value3.3.4 Global Others Transformer Oil Market by Value4. Regional Analysis4.1 Asia Pacific Transformer Oil Market: An Analysis4.2 North America Transformer Oil Market: An Analysis4.3 Europe Transformer Oil Market: An Analysis4.4 RoW Transformer Oil Market: An Analysis5. Market Dynamics5.1 Growth Driver5.1.1 Expansion of the Transformer Market5.1.2 Rising Investment in the Electrical Transmission Infrastructure5.1.3 Increasing Demand for Electricity 5.1.4 Growing Number of Smart Grid Distribution Systems5.1.5 Surging Energy Demand5.1.6 Rising Industrial Activities5.2 Challenges5.2.1 Increasing Adoption of Dry-type Transformers5.2.2 High Cost of Transformer Oil5.2.3 Wearing Effects of Sulfur in Transformer Oil5.3 Market Trends5.3.1 Growing Popularity of Bio-based Transformer Oil5.3.2 Rapid Growth in Rural Electrification5.3.3 Environmental Push Towards Using Re-refined Oil6. Competitive Landscape6.1 Global Transformer Oil Market Players: A Financial Comparison6.2 Global Transformer Oil Players by Market Share7. Company Profiles7.1 Nynas AB7.1.1 Business Overview7.1.2 Financial Overview7.1.3 Business Strategy7.2 Ergon Inc.7.3 PetroChina Company Limited7.4 Apar Industries Ltd.
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You can see a definite and measurable difference in the impedance of the traces based upon the orientation of the trace on the board, in the case of this board the Vertical trace was off by approximately five percent.
Country Analysis – US, Canada, Germany, France, U.K., China, India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Brazil (Actual Period: 2012-2016, Forecast Period: 2017-2022) • Total Power Transformer Market • By Rating (Small, Medium, Large) • By Output Voltage (Step-Down, Step-Up) • By Core Materials (Solid Iron/Steel, Silicon Steel, Amorphous Steel) • By Cooling/Insulation (Dry-Type, Liquid Filled)
Instructions: Step 1: Install the “Lighting Calculations FREE” app. Step 2: Now, install this Pro Key to enable all the functions. (Kindly do not remove the free version of the app).
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